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Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn ((ヘブライ語:ישראל פרידמן מרוז'ין)) (5 October 1796 – 9 October 1850〔Assaf, ''The Regal Way'', p. 170.〕), also called Israel Ruzhin, was a Hasidic ''rebbe'' in 19th-century Ukraine and Austria. Known as ''Der Heiliger Ruzhiner'' ((イディッシュ語: דער הייליגער רוז'ינער), "The holy one from Ruzhyn"), he conducted his court with regal pomp and splendor. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who was said to be jealous of the Rebbe's wealth and influence, had the Rebbe imprisoned for nearly two years on an unsubstantiated murder charge. After his release, the Rebbe fled to Austria, where he re-established his court in Sadigura, Bukovina (Carpathian Mountains), attracted thousands of Hasidim, provided for the Hasidic community in Israel, and inaugurated the construction of the Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem. Friedman was the first and only Ruzhiner Rebbe. However, his sons and grandsons founded their own dynasties, collectively known as the "House of Ruzhin". These dynasties, which follow many of the traditions of the Ruzhiner Rebbe, are Bohush, Boyan, Chortkov, Husiatyn, Sadigura, and Shtefanesht. The founders of the Vizhnitz, Skver, and Vasloi Hasidic dynasties were related to the Ruzhiner Rebbe through his daughters.〔 ==Early life== Friedman was a direct descendant through the male line of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch (the Maggid of Mezritch) (1704–1772), the main disciple of the Baal Shem Tov. He was the great-grandson of the Maggid of Mezritch, the grandson of Rabbi Avrohom HaMalach (1740–1777), and the son of Sholom Shachne, Rebbe of Prohobisht (1769–1802). His maternal grandfather was Rabbi Nochum of Chernobyl, a close associate of the Baal Shem Tov.〔Assaf, ''The Regal Way'', p. 32.〕〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 95.〕 He was given the name Yisroel (Israel) after the Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Israel ''ben'' Eliezer.〔 He had two older brothers, Avrohom (1787–1812) and Dov Ber (the latter died in childhood),〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 106.〕 and a younger sister, Chaya Ita.〔Assaf, ''The Regal Way'', p. 35.〕 Claiming descent from the Royal line of King David, his father, the Rebbe of Prohobisht, comported himself differently from other Hasidic leaders of the time. While most Hasidic leaders dressed in white clothes, he wore fashionable woolen clothes sewn with buttons. He also lived in an impressive house with a large garden. These elements would later be incorporated into Friedman's conduct as ''rebbe''.〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', pp. 95–96.〕 Friedman was six years old when his father died and his brother Avrohom, aged 15, took over the leadership of their father's Hasidim in Prohobisht.〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 117.〕〔Assaf, ''The Regal Way'', p. 33.〕 At age 7, Friedman was engaged to Sarah, daughter of Rabbi Moses Efrati of Berdichev.〔〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 121.〕 At age 13,〔Friedman, ''The Golden Dynasty'', p. 4.〕 he married and moved to Botoșani, Romania.〔 Three years later, his brother Avrohom died without offspring and he performed Halizah and succeeded his brother as leader of the Prohobisht Hasidim. After living first in Prohobisht and then in Skvyra,〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 246.〕 Friedman settled in Ruzhyn, where he achieved the reputation of a great holy man and attracted thousands of followers, making the Ruzhin dynasty "the largest and most influential Hasidic community in the southwestern districts of the Pale of Settlement".〔 His leadership also promoted widespread acceptance of the Hasidic movement, allowing Hasidism to flourish in Ukraine and Volhynia without opposition for the next hundred years.〔Brayer, ''The House of Rizhin'', p. 126.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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